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Iceland鈥檚 healthcare system is excellent and available in most communities. Tourist offices or accommodations can recommend doctors and hospitals 鈥� all of whom will be English speaking. There鈥檚 at least one pharmacy, or apotek, in every town, as well stocked as any you鈥檒l find at home. Most open during normal business hours, though some in Reykjav铆k and Akureyri stay open longer. No vaccinations are required for visitors to Iceland.

To avoid being charged for emergency healthcare in Iceland, Scandinavian citizens must show medical insurance and a valid passport, while citizens of the European Economic Area can simply show their European Health Insurance Card and passport at a health centre or hospital for free treatment. Citizens of other countries, including the UK, need to contact the nearest Icelandic Embassy or representative for information on whether they qualify; if not, you鈥檒l have to pay at the time and then claim back the money from your travel insurance.

If you鈥檙e spending much time outdoors, be aware that the weather and distance might cause difficulties if you need medical attention in a hurry, and it鈥檚 wise to carry a first-aid kit. Two important items to include are a roll of elasticated sticking plaster (band aids) and crepe bandages 鈥� both vital for supporting and splinting sprained muscles or broken bones.

Most problems you鈥檒l encounter, however, are minor. Though you might not think the northern sun would be much trouble, it鈥檚 still strong enough to cause sunburn and eye strain 鈥� especially when reflected off ice or snow 鈥� so use sunscreen and sunglasses. Hand cream or moisturizer and lip balm are a good idea too, as the cold dry air, wind and dust can painfully crack exposed skin. Eye drops will also relieve irritation caused by dust. Flies are not the problem in Iceland that they can be in Scandinavia; M媒vatn is the only place you鈥檒l encounter them in plague proportions, though very few bite. Water is safe to drink throughout Iceland.

The most serious thing to worry about is hypothermia, where your core body temperature drops to a point that can be fatal. It鈥檚 likely to occur if you get exhausted, wet and cold while out hiking or cycling; symptoms include a weak pulse, disorientation, numbness and slurred speech. If you suspect hypothermia, seek shelter from the weather, get the patient as dry as possible, and prevent further heat loss 鈥� aside from clothing, a foil 鈥渟pace blanket鈥� available from camping stores will help. Sugary drinks can also help (alcohol definitely doesn鈥檛), but serious cases need immediate hospital treatment. The best advice is to avoid hypothermia in the first place: while hiking, ensure you eat enough carbohydrates, drink plenty of water, and wear sufficient warm and weatherproof clothing, including a hat and gloves. During the colder parts of the year, motorists should always carry a blanket and warm gear too, in case they get stranded by snow.