Around 700km northwest of Buenos Aires, the bustling, modern metropolis of 颁贸谤诲辞产补 sits on a curve in the R铆o Suqu铆a, at its confluence with the tamed La Ca帽ada brook. The jagged silhouettes visible at the western end of its broad avenues announce that the cool heights of the sierras are not far away, and it鈥檚 here that many of the 1.3 million Cordobeses take refuge from the valley鈥檚 sweltering heat during summer. Because it lacks the dynamism and style of Rosario, its rival for the title of Argentina鈥檚 second city, many people spend only an hour or two here before sprinting off to the nearby resorts. But 颁贸谤诲辞产补 has a wide range of services, and its excellent location makes it an ideal base for exploring the region, while the colonial architecture at its heart remains an attraction in its own right. Moreover, the city is reputed nationwide for its hospitable, elegant population and its caustically ironic sense of humour, something you鈥檒l come to appreciate the longer you stay.
Brief history of 颁贸谤诲辞产补
On July 6, 1573, Jer贸nimo Luis de Cabrera, Governor of Tucum谩n, declared a new city founded at the fork in the main routes from Chile and Alto Per煤 to Buenos Aires, calling it 颁贸谤诲辞产补 la Llana de la Nueva Andaluc铆a, after the city of his Spanish ancestors. The Monolito de la Fundaci贸n, on the north bank of the R铆o Suqu铆a nearly a kilometre northeast of the Plaza San Mart铆n, supposedly marks the precise spot where the city was founded and commands panoramic views.
The Society of Jesus
Almost from the outset the Society of Jesus played a crucial role in 颁贸谤诲辞产补鈥檚 development, and King Carlos III of Spain鈥檚 order to expel the Jesuits from the Spanish empire in 1767 inevitably dealt 颁贸谤诲辞产补 a serious body blow. That, plus the decision in 1776 to make Buenos Aires the headquarters of the newly created Viceroyalty of the R铆o de la Plata, might well have condemned the city to terminal decline had it not then been made the administrative centre of a huge Intendencia, or viceregal province, stretching all the way to Mendoza and La Rioja. Like so many Argentine cities, 颁贸谤诲辞产补 benefited from the arrival of the railways in 1870 and a period of prosperity followed, still visible in some of the city鈥檚 lavishly decorated banks and theatres. By the close of the nineteenth century, 颁贸谤诲辞产补 had begun to spread south, with European-influenced urban planning on a huge scale, including the Parque Sarmiento. This all coincided with a huge influx of immigrants from Europe and the Middle East.
The twentieth century
In the first half of the twentieth century 颁贸谤诲辞产补 emerged as one of the country鈥檚 main manufacturing centres. Sadly, the post-2001 crisis boom that occurred in other parts of the country never reached 颁贸谤诲辞产补, and the industries that once ruled here are now shadows of their former selves. However, despite the recent global economic downturn, the local government has invested heavily in arts and culture in the last few years, with the opening of several new museums and cultural spaces, such as the Museo Superior de Bellas Artes Evita and the Paseo del Buen Pastor.
Accommodation in 颁贸谤诲辞产补
Co虂rdoba has several good hostels and some boutique hotels, but the majority of accommodation options in the city are functional at best, with the more expensive places catering mainly to business travellers.
Eating in 颁贸谤诲辞产补
For many years interesting restaurants and cafe虂s were disappointingly thin on the ground; thanks to the burgeoning development of Barrio 骋耻虉别尘别蝉; however, this is changing. The city also cranks up a gear during university term time. With a couple of notable exceptions, the city centre has little to offer in the evenings, even becoming rather seedy. Nueva Co虂rdoba and Cerro de las Rosas feel safer and have a number of restaurants, but can also be rather colourless. All in all, lively 骋耻虉别尘别蝉 is the best bet for atmosphere and inventive cuisine.
Drinking and nightlife in 颁贸谤诲辞产补
Most of the nightlife is concentrated in two outlying areas: El Abasto, a revitalized former warehouse district close to the centre on the northern banks of the Ri虂o Suqui虂a that buzzes with club and music venues, many along Blvd Las Heras, and the even trendier Chateau Carreras area, just south of Cerro de las Rosas, which has a number of flash clubs. The city is also a hub for cuarteto music. Unless you鈥檙e after a dance, though, the best place for a drink is the trendy 鈥 and rapidly developing 鈥 骋耻虉别尘别蝉 neighbourhood, which is awash with cool bars, many of them perched on rooftops or tucked away in arcades. As well as those mentioned below, many cafe虂s and restaurants double up as bars in the evening. Locals are famous throughout Argentina for their passionate love of Fernet and Coke.
Shopping in 颁贸谤诲辞产补
骋耻虉别尘别蝉 has an array of shops and boutiques selling clothes (often by local designers), antiques, artworks and much more, with more opening up all the time. The neighbourhood鈥檚 weekend market is a particularly good hunting ground for souvenirs. There are plenty of bookshops in the centre, many of them selling a selection of English-language titles.
The microcentro
The city鈥檚 compact historic core, or microcentro, wrapped around leafy Plaza San Marti虂n, contains all the major colonial buildings that sealed the city鈥檚 importance in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Its elegant Cabildo (colonial headquarters) now houses the city museum, which sits conveniently adjacent to the cathedral, one of the oldest in the country. Nearby, beyond a handsome Baroque convent, the Monasterio de Santa Teresa is a group of several well-preserved Jesuit buildings, including the temple and university buildings, which form the Manzana Jesui虂tica (鈥淛esuits鈥 Block鈥). East of the Plaza San Marti虂n, the eighteenth-century home of Governor Sobremonte (the city鈥檚 oldest standing residential building) is now the Museo Histo虂rico Provincial, and contains some outstanding colonial paintings, while some interesting examples of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Argentine art are on display in a splendid French-style house, the , a couple of blocks northwest of the plaza.
The city鈥檚 regular Hispano-American grid, centred on Plaza San Marti虂n, is upset only by the winding La Can虄ada brook a few blocks west of the centre, on either side of which snakes one of the city鈥檚 main thoroughfares, acacia-lined Avenida Marcelo T. de Alvear, which becomes Avenida Figueroa Alcorta after crossing Dea虂n Funes. Street names change and numbering begins level with the Cabildo.
Plaza San Marti虂n
The Plaza San Marti虂n has always been the city鈥檚 focal point. The square is at its liveliest during the paseo hour in the early evening, although it is less appealing after dark, when it has a bit of an edge. Originally used for military parades, the shady square was granted its recreational role in the 1870s when the Italianate marble fountains were installed and semitropical shrubberies planted: lush palm-fronds, the prickly, bulging trunks of the palo borracho and, in the spring, blazing pink lapacho and purple jacaranda blossoms. Watching over all the activity is a monumental bronze sculpture of the Liberator himself, which was unveiled in 1916 to mark the centenary of the declaration of independence.
The square鈥檚 southern edge is dominated by the dowdy Banco Nacio虂n and the Teatro Real; more banks sit along the eastern edge. Wedged between shops and the modern municipal offices on the pedestrianized northern side is the diminutive Oratorio del Obispo Mercadillo, all that remains of a huge colonial residence built for Bishop Manuel Mercadillo. He had the seat of Tucuma虂n diocese moved from Santiago del Estero to Co虂rdoba at the beginning of the eighteenth century, before becoming the city鈥檚 first bishop.
Museo de la Memoria
On a narrow passageway just off the plaza, between the cabildo and the cathedral, the is housed in a former secret detention centre 鈥 known as D2 鈥 used during the brutal military dictatorship. Between 1971 and 1982 around 20,000 people were detained, tortured and (in most cases) killed here by the police. Today it is a moving, upsetting and 鈥 when you learn about the ongoing fight for justice by relatives of victims 鈥 inspiring museum. Some of the cells and offices have been left as they were found; others feature photos and possessions of victims 鈥 a medal from a school sports day, a guitar 鈥 and testimony from survivors and relatives. There is a library of books banned under the dictatorship and a film about those forced into exile. One of the most powerful exhibits is a first-hand account from a survivor: hooded during his detention, he only realized where he was when he heard cathedral bells chiming, barely 20m away from his cell.
Manzana Jesui虂tica
Two blocks west and south of Plaza San Marti虂n is the Manzana Jesui虂tica, a whole block, or manzana, apportioned to the Society of Jesus a decade after Co虂rdoba was founded. The complex is home to the main offices of the Universidad Nacional de Co虂rdoba, the oldest in the country, dating from 1610. Most of the students are now based elsewhere in the city, and much of the campus has been turned into the . Beyond the harmonious cream- and biscuit-coloured facade are shady patios, ablaze with bougainvillaea for much of the year. The libraries contain a priceless collection of maps, religious works and late fifteenth-century artefacts, while a ceiling fresco in the Salon de Grados shows naked students reaching out to the Muses. Fittingly, this was where applicants for doctorates were quizzed for eight hours a day for three days by their seniors 鈥 one wrong answer and they were out.
Teatro del Libertador General San Marti虂n
A block southwest of the , the austere Neoclassical , built in 1887, is of world-class calibre, with outstanding acoustics and an elegant, understated interior. The creaking wooden floor, normally steeply tilted for performances, can be lowered to a horizontal position and the seats removed for dances and other events.
Museo de Bellas Artes Dr Genaro Pe虂rez
To take in Argentine art from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, head for the , a block west of the Legislatura Provincial. This municipal gallery is housed in a handsome, early twentieth-century building, designed in a French style for the wealthy Dr Toma虂s Garzo虂n, who bequeathed it to the city in his will. Impeccably restored, and with fine iron and glass details including an intricate lift, the museum is worth a visit for its interior alone, an insight into how the city鈥檚 prosperous bourgeoisie lived a century ago. Most of the paintings on display belong to the Escuela Cordobesa, whose leading master was the museum鈥檚 namesake Genaro Pe虂rez and which produced brooding portraits and local landscapes, some imitating the French Impressionists. Other names to watch out for are those of the so-called 1880s Generation such as Fidel Pelliza, Andre虂s Pin虄ero and Emilio Caraffa, the last famous for his supervision of the paintings inside Co虂rdoba cathedral. The 1920s Generation, markedly influenced by their European contemporaries including Matisse, Picasso and de Chirico, is represented by Francisco Vidal, Antonio Pedone and Jose虂 Aguilera.
Nueva Co虂rdoba
South of the historic centre and sliced diagonally by Avenida Hipo虂lito Yrigoyen, Nueva Co虂rdoba was laid out in the late nineteenth century. It was designed as an exclusive residential district, but many of Nueva Co虂rdoba鈥檚 villas and mansions were taken over by bars, cafe虂s, restaurants and offices after the prosperous middle classes moved away from the area to the northwestern suburb of Cerro de las Rosas in the 1940s and 1950s. Architectural styles here are eclectic, to say the least: neo-Gothic churches, mock-Tudor houses, Georgian facades and Second Empire mini-palaces. Today, Nueva Co虂rdoba鈥檚 bars are frequented by the city鈥檚 large student population, though far cooler venues are found in neighbouring 骋耻虉别尘别蝉.
骋耻虉别尘别蝉
Bordering the lively commercial area of Nueva Co虂rdoba, the gentrified barrio of 骋耻虉别尘别蝉 has an altogether different feel. A far older part of town, it鈥檚 here that Co虂rdoba鈥檚 mainly Italian population first settled in the 1860s, originally naming the neighbourhood Pueblo Nuevo. Today many of the old low-rise buildings still stand, although some are in desperate need of restoration work. Lined with antique shops, boutiques, trendy restaurants, and craft beer bars, plus ever-increasing numbers of art galleries, 骋耻虉别尘别蝉 is Co虂rdoba鈥檚 hip, bohemian neighbourhood. It is something of a cross between San Telmo and Palermo in Buenos Aires, but populated predominantly with locals rather than tourists and expats, and on a much smaller scale.
Every weekend it hosts the Paseo de las Artes (Sat, Sun & hols from around 5pm), when the streets around calles Belgrano and Archaval Rodri虂guez are overtaken by an excellent evening market, with handicraft stalls selling everything from mate holders to jewellery, books to leather goods. It鈥檚 the best time to visit the neighbourhood and when its bars and restaurants are at their liveliest.
Cerro de las Rosas and Chateau Carreras
The prosperous northwestern suburbs of Cerro de las Rosas and Chateau Carreras are home to many of Co虂rdoba鈥檚 trendiest nightclubs. Avenida Figueroa Alcorta leads out of the El Abasto area, on the northern bank of the Ri虂o Suqui虂a. It later becomes Avenida Castro Barros before eventually turning into Avenida Rafael Nu虂n虄ez, Cerro de las Rosas鈥 main street, which is lined with shops, cafe虂s and restaurants. Otherwise, it鈥檚 a mainly residential area of shaded streets and large villas, built on the relatively cool heights of a wooded hill.
Top image: San Martin Square and Cordoba Cathedral - Cordoba, Argentina 漏 Diego Grandi/Shutterstock